சித்தர்நூற்களில் மிகச்சிறந்த காயகற்ப மருந்தாக கூறப்பட்டுள்ளது. மரணத்தை தடுக்கும் மூலிகையான திரிபலா பற்றிய அறிவியல் கட்டுரை .
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Triphala: an Anti-Cancer Solution
• By Ray Noronha,
• Published 06/3/2008
Triphala: an Anti-Cancer Solution
Research studies over the last ten years indicate that Triphala may be an important
drug of choice in anti-cancer therapy. For instance, early studies showed that E.
officinalis a prime constituent of Triphala resulted in elevated levels of free radical
scavenging activity with a parallel decrease of oxidative stress when tested in rat
brain. The same authors also revealed that E. officinalis contains Tannin, which may
be causing this effect .(1).
In the British Journal of Cancer, Nandi et al published a study showing that dietary
supplementation of E. officinalis fruit in mice significantly reduced the cytotoxic
effects of a known carcinogen (3,4-benzo(a)pyrene) (2). Subsequent in-vivo studies
showed that treating mice with different doses of Triphala up to 80mg/kg (LD50
dose i.p. of triphala 280 mg/kg b. wt) consecutively for five days before irradiation
delayed the onset of mortality and reduced the symptoms of radiation sickness when
compared with the non-drug treated irradiated controls (3). These findings
demonstrate that this ancient Ayurvedic formulation significantly protects mice
against radiation-induced lethality. Perhaps what is common to these in vivo
research studies is the role that Tannin, which is known to possess broad cancer
chemopreventitive activity (4). Other studies also confirm Triphala as a potential therapeutic anti-cancer agent.
Studies published in J Ethnopharmacol. Feb 2005, revealed that gallic acid, a major
polyphenol constituent in Triphala resulted in the suppression of the growth of cancer
cell lines: MCF-7 breast cancer cells and PC-3 and DU-145 prostate cancer cells
(5). Tannins are polyphenols, which occur in vascular plant tissues and they exist in
two major forms: condensed and hydrolysable; hydrolysable tannins consist of gallic
acids. Gallic acid has been shown to act as a free radical scavenger (6). These
studies indicate that Gallic acid a major polyphenol observed in Triphala, may be the
molecule of interest acting as a free radical scavenger. Antitumor activity by phenolic
antioxidants may also be explained by the inhibition of AP-1 activity through
induction of
Fra
expression
(7,
8).
However, it is the 2006 research studies by Sandhya et al that may reveal the true
mechanism of action and an exciting breakthrough in the use of Triphala as an
anticancer agent. Sandhya's team investigated the effects of Triphala on human
breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and a transplantable mouse thymic lymphoma (barcl-
95). They found that Triphala induced apoptosis in MCF-7 and barcl-95 cells in-vitro
with a proportion of apoptotic cells dependent on Triphala concentration. When
MCF-7 cells were treated with Triphala, gel electrophoresis revealed a pattern of
DNA damage, characteristic of apoptosis (9). Apoptosis occurs when a cell actively
terminates itself via various molecular signaling pathways. The rate of apoptosis is of
major
importance
in
tissuehomeostasis.
Under normal circumstances, when DNA gets damaged, either the cell dies by
apoptosis or the DNA is able to repair itself. In cancer cells, the damaged DNA is not
repaired and the apoptotic pathways are disturbed resulting in the survival of
cancerous cell. The main function of apoptosis is to dispose of a cell without causing
damage
or
stress
to
neighbouringcellsi.e.biochemicalexecution.
Sandhya's group verified that Triphala selectively destroys the cancerous cell via
an apoptotic pathway, which in itself is an exciting breakthrough in the scientific
research studies of herbal medicines. The same study also demonstrated that
apoptosis was significantly higher in the excised tumor tissue of Triphala fed mice
(40 mg/kg body weight) as compared to the control, further indicating the
involvement of apoptosis in tumor growth reduction. The researchers stated, "These
results suggest that Triphala possessed ability to induce cytotoxicity in tumor cells
but spared the normal cells". Further they revealed that Triphala treated MCF-7 and
barcl-95 cells showed a significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species
(ROS)
in
a
concentration
dependent
manner.
Triphala: an Anti-Cancer Solution page 2
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) include oxygen ions, free radicals and peroxides
and are derived from metabolism of molecular oxygen (10). DNA damage by ROS
is known to cause cancer (11). Thus the differential effect of Triphala on normal and
tumor cells seem, to be related to intracellular ROS generation. Sandhya and his
colleagues from the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India concluded,
"The differential response of normal and tumor cells to Triphala in vitro and the
substantial regression of transplanted tumor in mice fed with Triphala points to its
potential use as an anticancer drug for clinical treatment". Sandhya and Mishra later
determined the most probable apoptotic pathway. They investigated the role of
Triphala in two human breast cancer cell lines of differing p53 status concluding that
Triphala
acts
through
p53
mediated
apoptosis
(12).
These studies indicate that Triphala exerts its cytoxicity in tumour cells possibly
through the gallic acid pathway, which is known to generate intracellular ROS in
tumour cells (13). Sandhya and Mishra have provided the first evidence that
Triphala's cytotoxic effect occurs exclusively in tumour cells possibly through p53-
mediated apoptosis. p53 is a 53 kilodalton nuclear phosphoprotein, which is
regarded as a very common mutated gene in human cancer (14) and is also a key
regulator in the apoptotic pathway. Further studies are required to determine if
Triphala acts via other apoptotic pathways and the p53 status of all Triphala
responsive cell lines. Sandhya et al should be congratulated, as the methodology
used represents a significant milestone in research of Ayurvedic medicine.
Sandhya‘s research findings have been further amplified by Professor Srivasti and
Dr Dr Yan Shi from the University of Pittsburg, Cancer Institute (15). They presented
their findings at the annual meeting of the American association for Cancer
Research in April 2007. Dr Srivasati and his team demonstrated that mice grafted
with human pancreatic tumors and subsequently fed with Triphala resulted in
elevated levels of proteins associated with apoptosis and 50% reduction in tumor
sizes when compared to the control (normal saline) group. Further testing revealed
that Triphala activated tumor suppressor gene, resulting in the generation of proteins
that suppressed apoptosis but did not negatively affect normal pancreatic cells.
These are exciting scientific findings as pancreatic cancer is extremely difficult to
treat. Perhaps Triphala may have anti-cancer properties in humans, which is not a
surprise to practitioners of Ayurveda, but the real potential will only be determined
once Phase 1 trials have been embarked. Dr Srivastava commented: "Triphala
triggered the cancerous cells to die off and significantly reduced the size of the
tumours without causing any toxic side-effects. "With follow-up studies, we hope to
demonstrate its potential use as a novel agent for the prevention and treatment of
pancreatic
cancer."
In conclusion, as previous research studies have also demonstrated the possible use
of Triphala as a chemopreventative and radioprotective agent, (16, 17) one can
conclude that as many anticancer drugs lack selectivity and possess toxic side-
effects, then perhaps ancient herbal remedies like Triphala that exhibit high anti-
oxidant status, radioprotectivity and tumour specificity with no side effects can
provide a serious rationale for more intensive scientific and clinical investigations.
PLEASE VISIT ; http://www.ayurvedahc.com/articlelive/articles/
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